Smallholder Farmers Perceptions and Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change in Ethiopia Review

 

Abstract

The objective of this review on Smallholder farmers perceptions and adaptation strategies in case Ethiopia. Smallholder households obtain livelihoods through the rural labour market, self-employment in rural non-farm economy, migration and rain-fed agriculture. Agriculture is the major source of rural livelihoods. Climate refers to the average weather and represents the state of the climate system over a given time period. Due to natural variability and human interventions, there is increase in the emission of the greenhouse gases reflecting variation of the mean state of weather variables including temperature, precipitation and wind. Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are more important for their ability to trap heat from the sun and create atmosphere that supports the life on Earth. However increasing levels of these gases is the cause of global temperatures, resulting in the most severe ecological crisis that earth has witnessed in the whole of human history. Adaptation is adjustment in ecological, social or economic systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli and the effects or impacts. This term refers to change in processes, practices or structures to moderate or offset potential damage or to take advantages of opportunities associated with changes in climate. It involves adjustment to reduce the vulnerability of community’s regions or activities to climate change and variability. Adaptation is important to climate change issue in two ways- one relating to assessment of impacts and vulnerabilities, the other of the development and evaluation of response options. In Ethiopian diverse type of e climate adaptation strategies considered crop variety; improve crop and livestock, soil and water conservation practices and irrigation. The main factor influence to farmers’ adaptation strategy climate changes such as group of age, family number or size, farm profits, farm dimension, distance to the farm, distance to the market, access to credit, livestock holding, farm to farm extension and access to climate information is basic one. The crucial barrier to type of weather transform altered copy on the farmers’ side are luck of knowledge, lack of capital, lack of sufficient land and luck of information. Therefore, future policy should focus on awareness creation on climate change to adaptation through different ways such as mass media and extensions, encouraging informal social net- works, improving the availability of credit and enhancing research on use of new crop varieties are more suited in different agro ecological zones.


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